DXA (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry): the standard for body composition in research. Precision is roughly ±1 kg for lean mass. Two scans six months apart on the same machine with the same technician give you useful information. Two scans six weeks apart on different machines tell you about the machines.
Circumference measurements as a poor man's composition estimate
Picking up post #2: that is the part I would want checked first.
Comparison to published data: the trials reported mean fat and lean mass changes. Individual results vary around that mean. Being above or below average is not a sign of something wrong.
On post #9 — agreed on the reasoning, with one qualification.
Ultrasound: thickness of subcutaneous fat at specific sites. Less standardised than DXA and operator-dependent. Useful as a supplementary measure but not as a primary method.
This follows post #35 rather than contradicting it.
Thank you for the correction. I have edited my earlier post with a note rather than silently, so the thread still makes sense to read. The error was mine and it was the kind that comes from remembering a figure instead of looking it up.
I read post #46 twice before replying, because I had assumed the opposite.
Visceral fat: DXA does not distinguish visceral (organ-associated) fat from subcutaneous fat. That distinction might matter but requires different imaging to measure.
Bioelectric impedance analysis: less precise than DXA and strongly affected by hydration state. Not reliable for detecting month-to-month changes. Useful for trend over years if done consistently.
Coming back to post #64, because the follow-up matters more than the original answer.
Ultrasound: thickness of subcutaneous fat at specific sites. Less standardised than DXA and operator-dependent. Useful as a supplementary measure but not as a primary method.
post #75 answers the question as asked. The question underneath it is different.
Precision versus accuracy: the precision you need depends on what question you are answering. "Am I losing fat?" requires less precision than "Is my lean mass preservation within the expected range?"
Worth separating two things that post #101 runs together.
Resting metabolic rate: body composition affects metabolic rate. As fat mass decreases and lean mass is maintained, metabolic rate is usually maintained better than with simple weight loss alone.
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